I have some actual dyno data that might be useful here.
I tested a completely stock, non-hybrid 2026 4Runner on both 86 and 91 octane. Same truck, same dyno, same factory calibration.
Switching to 91 produced
just over 13 additional wheel horsepower and approximately 10 lb-ft of torque. The curves started separating around 4,200 RPM, with the 91 maintaining its advantage through the upper RPM range.
View attachment 77166
The LC250 uses the same T24A-FTS engine, although the Land Cruiser is hybrid and this 4Runner was not. The calibrations and overall powertrains differ, but the underlying engine is the same.
These are
11:1 compression ratio turbocharged engines, which is relatively high compression for a boosted application.
Toyota's D-4ST system uses both direct and port injection. Direct injection provides charge cooling inside the cylinder, helping suppress knock and making this high-compression, boosted combination possible.
It's impressive technology, but it doesn't eliminate the importance of fuel quality, especially under sustained load.
KCLV (Knock Control Learned Value) is one of the channels I pay close attention to when tuning these trucks.
Following a learning reset, it starts at 15 and adjusts based on combustion feedback.
Generally speaking, values above 15 indicate favorable knock learning, while values below 15 indicate the ECU has learned to be more conservative with ignition timing.
On the dyno, the 4Runner KCLV was around
13–14 on 86 octane and improved to 18–19 on 91.
That means the ECU was able to operate with more favorable ignition timing simply by changing fuel.
Knock control is an excellent safeguard, but I don't want an engine routinely depending on substantial ignition correction to tolerate its fuel.
When ignition timing is excessively retarded, less combustion energy is converted into useful work, and more heat can leave through the exhaust. This can increase exhaust gas temperature (EGT), which matters on a turbocharged engine with a hot turbine and catalytic converter. Normal timing corrections are part of how these engines operate. The goal is simply to minimize unnecessary intervention by getting the fueling and ignition strategy right.
While still on 86, I developed an 86-octane calibration for that same 4Runner, increasing output from
255 whp / 353 wtq to 292 whp / 404 wtq, while improving KCLV from approximately 13 to 17.
View attachment 77163
That was accomplished with calibration changes specifically developed for the fuel being used, not by simply adding boost and hoping the knock system takes care of everything.
I retain all factory knock safeguards in my calibrations.
I prefer 91 or better in these engines, particularly when towing, climbing grades, driving in high temperatures, or regularly using the available power.
This graph shows the stock 86 and 91 plus my final 91 calibration. This 4Runner had no modifications.
View attachment 77170
During light-load commuting, you may notice very little difference. But when the engine is working hard, the additional knock resistance helps it maintain ignition timing, performance, and thermal margin.
Much more great discussion in this thread on the 4Runner forum.
Had the opportunity to get a 2026 4Runner TRD Sport on our dyno. Truck is bone stock, ~3,000 miles, running 86 octane. For context, I have extensive remote tuning experience with this platform, and have many Tacomas on our dyno, both gas and hybrid. This was a great opportunity to have a...
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